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Intestinal L-Athletics is related to worms that may cause blood loss and anaemia. Larvae can penetrate the skin from contaminated soil. Do we have to swallow soil to get infected? No: The penetration of larvae through the skin, especially bare feet, is an important route. Some routes of ingestion also exist depending on the species. Ancylostoma duodenale and Necator americanus
After a flood, the risks are not limited to microbes: electrical current, cutting objects, chemicals and carbon monoxide can be more immediate. Rehabilitation must begin with the safety of the site.
Blastomycosis is an infection caused by inhalation of Blastomyc spores in some soils. It often affects the lungs and sometimes the skin. Do the symptoms always appear immediately after exposure? No: The CDCs describe a typical delay of several weeks to a few months. It is useful to mention previous activities and trips, not just those of the last days. Blastomyces spp.
Campylobacteriosis is a digestive infection often associated with contaminated foods, including undercooked poultry. Water and raw milk may also be involved. Do we still need antibiotics? No: Management is often based on rehydration. Antibiotics are reserved for certain medically evaluated situations, including invasive infections; diarrhoea alone is not enough to decide them. Campylobacter spp.
This catalogue label is a documentary context, not a channel of transmission. It brings together sheets whose mechanisms or rarity require a specific reading. The number of entries here is neither an impact nor an alert level.
Cholera is acquired by ingesting contaminated water or food. It can cause very rapid water losses. Can very abundant diarrhea wait? No. Medical assistance must be sought quickly. Oral rehydration with a suitable solution can begin if the person can drink, without delaying treatment. Vibrio cholerae
The term "contact" covers several situations: skin, lesions, secretions or contaminated objects depending on the agent. It does not mean that all infections are transmitted by a handshake. The disease sheet shall specify the mechanism to be examined.
Cryptococcosis is a fungal infection acquired by inhalation of spores in the environment. She can touch the lungs and the brain. Are all those who breathe spores getting sick? No: most people at risk do not develop the disease. The immune field influences the risk; however, compatible symptoms in a vulnerable person should not be ignored. Cryptococcus spp.
The section links infections associated with ingestion of water or food and, for some, with the faeces. Water quality, conservation, preparation and contact occur at different stages. A recalled product is verified by its lot, not only by its brand.
Water quality depends on the resource, treatment, public network and sometimes the pipelines of the building. Clear water is not sufficient evidence; the reference is information from the water service and the local health authority.
The quality of bathing water varies with rains, discharges, temperature and algal or cyanobacteria blooms. The annual ranking gives a context; the local display and recent results indicate the situation of the day.
Ehrlichiosis are bacterial infections transmitted mainly by ticks. They can produce febrile syndrome and sometimes severe illness. Should we wait for confirmation before any treatment? The CDC recommends that clinical suspicion should be started while waiting for examinations. This is the decision of the professional, according to the exhibition and the picture. Ehrlichia spp.
The environment may constitute a reservoir or exposure context. A sample result describes a medium, a method, and a moment; it does not alone demonstrate an infection in a person. The records link the possible path to a real activity.
Recurrent tick fevers are due to some Borrelia. Fever episodes may alternate with periods of improvement. Are these Borrelia just Lyme disease? No: CDCs distinguish bacteria from recurrent fevers from Lyme fevers. The vector, location and clinical picture should be specified. Borrelia spp.
Typhoid fever is an infection due to Salmonella Typhi, transmitted mainly by water or contaminated food. It can get serious. Does the disappearance of the fever rule out any portage? No: people can still eliminate the bacteria after improvement. Wash your hands and avoid preparing other people's meals during the specified period; ask for the necessary checks. Salmonella Typhi
Giardia is an intestinal parasite transmitted mainly by water and faecal contact. Clear water can contain its cysts. Should diarrhea that lasts after a trip be reported? Yes. Specify the destinations and water consumed. Several causes are possible; appropriate examinations allow for the choice of management. Giardia duodenalis
Hepatitis E may be linked to contaminated water or, depending on the genotype, to insufficiently cooked animal feed. Is hepatitis E still linked to a trip? No. Infections can be acquired locally, including by certain foods of animal origin. Food history also counts. Hepatitis E virus
Histoplasmosis is acquired by inhalation of histoplasma spores present in the soil, especially when mixed with dejections of birds or bats. Can we pass it on to his loved ones or his animal? The CDC does not consider that histoplasmosis is transmitted between persons or between persons and domestic animals. Environmental exposure is the main context to be identified. Histoplasma spp.
New cases occurring during a period in a defined population. The denominator and duration are essential for comparison. When reading a table, record new cases, the population concerned and observation time together. A figure without a period cannot properly compare two territories or years.
Adenoviruses can cause respiratory, digestive or eye infections. The same group of viruses can therefore produce very different tables. Can we still eliminate the virus after the improvement? Yes: CDCs describe prolonged elimination, sometimes without symptoms, especially in immunocompromised people. The disappearance of the signs does not exempt hygiene. Human adenoviruses
The enterovirus D68 mainly causes respiratory infections. It can also be associated with an acute, rare but severe flaccid myelitis. Does a "positive enterovirus" result confirm D68? No: there are many enteroviruses. The D68 type research is distinct from general detection and should be interpreted with the clinical picture. Enterovirus D68
Pneumococcus can cause otitis, sinusitis, pneumonia and invasive infections. These locations have different levels of severity and examinations. Has he had a pneumococcal infection permanently protected him? No: CDC indicates that several episodes are possible. A history of infection does not replace the evaluation of vaccine prevention. Streptococcus pneumoniae
Group A streptococcus may cause infections of the throat or skin, but also serious invasive forms and inflammatory complications. Do all complications occur during the initial infection? No: Some conditions, including acute articular rheumatism or glomerulonephritis, may follow an infection with an immune mechanism. A new symptom after the episode deserves a review. Streptococcus pyogenes
Vibrio vulnificus can cause serious infections after consumption of contaminated marine products or contact with a wound with coastal water. Do you have to eat oysters to be exposed? No: A wound in contact with coastal water or raw marine products can also be a gateway. Vibrio vulnificus
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