Water and food: from contamination to exposure

The distinctions that change reading

Identify the product

Keep the label, lot, dates and official notice if a recall is affected.

Preparation chain

Distinguish storage, cold break, cooking and contamination between raw and ready-to-eat foods.

Vulnerabilities

Pregnancy, age and immunosuppression may change the recommendations and use of care.

Practical issues

Does a normal smell guarantee the absence of infectious agents?

No. The appearance and smell do not replace safety rules and recall instructions.

Before interpreting a sheet

Find the agent's name, the indicated routes and the primary source. Then check the date and territory of this source. A section helps to compare; it does not determine a person's medical conduct.

Composition, provenance and limitations of data →

Documented agents and contexts — no estimate of individual risk
Sickness or syndrome	Agent indicated	Pathways and context	Deepening
Hepatitis A	Hepatitis A virus	Water and food Close contact	Fact sheet · WHO Reference
Hepatitis E	Hepatitis E virus	Water and food Animal / zoonosis	Fact sheet · WHO Reference
Poliomyelitis	Poliovirus	Water and food Close contact	Fact sheet · WHO Reference
Norovirus	Norovirus	Water and food Close contact	Fact sheet · CDC Reference
Rotavirus infection	Rotavirus	Water and food Close contact	Fact sheet · WHO Reference
Nipah Virus Infection	Henipavirus nipahense	Animal / zoonosis Water and food Close contact	Fact sheet · WHO Reference
Hand, foot and mouth disease	Enterovirus, including coxsackievirus	Close contact Respiratory Water and food	Fact sheet · CDC Reference
Adenovirus infection	Human adenoviruses	Respiratory Close contact Water and food	Fact sheet · CDC Reference
Tick-borne encephalitis	Tick-borne encephalitis virus	Vector Water and food	Fact sheet · ECDC Reference
Cholera	Vibrio cholerae	Water and food	Fact sheet · WHO Reference
Non-typhoidal salmonellosis	Salmonella spp.	Water and food Animal / zoonosis	Fact sheet · WHO Reference
Listeriosis	Listeria monocytogenes	Water and food Mother and child transmission	Fact sheet · ECDC Reference
Brucellosis	Brucella spp.	Animal / zoonosis Water and food	Fact sheet · WHO Reference
Typhoid fever	Salmonella Typhi	Water and food	Fact sheet · WHO Reference
Shigellosis	Shigella spp.	Water and food Close contact	Fact sheet · CDC Reference
Campylobacteriosis	Campylobacter spp.	Water and food Animal / zoonosis	Fact sheet · WHO Reference
Anthrax	Bacillus anthracis	Animal / zoonosis Environment Water and food	Fact sheet · CDC Reference
Botulism	Clostridium botulinum toxin	Water and food Environment	Fact sheet · WHO Reference
Shiga-toxin-producing E. coli infection	Escherichia coli STEC	Water and food Animal / zoonosis Close contact	Fact sheet · CDC Reference
Infection with Vibrio vulnificus	Vibrio vulnificus	Water and food Environment	Fact sheet · CDC Reference
Yersiniosis	Yersinia enterocolitica	Water and food Animal / zoonosis	Fact sheet · CDC Reference
Toxoplasmosis	Toxoplasma gondii	Water and food Animal / zoonosis Mother and child transmission	Fact sheet · CDC Reference
Chagas disease	Trypanosoma cruzi	Vector Water and food Blood and fluids	Fact sheet · WHO Reference
Echinococcosis	Echinococcus spp.	Animal / zoonosis Water and food Environment	Fact sheet · WHO Reference
Taeniasis and cysticercosis	Taenia solium	Water and food Animal / zoonosis Close contact	Fact sheet · WHO Reference
Giardiasis	Giardia duodenalis	Water and food Close contact	Fact sheet · CDC Reference
Cryptosporidiosis	Cryptosporidium spp.	Water and food Close contact Animal / zoonosis	Fact sheet · CDC Reference
Amebiasis	Entamoeba histolytica	Water and food Close contact	Fact sheet · CDC Reference
Trichinellosis	Trichinella spp.	Water and food Animal / zoonosis	Fact sheet · CDC Reference
Ascariasis	Ascaris lumbricoides	Environment Water and food	Fact sheet · WHO Reference
Trichuriasis	Trichuris trichiura	Environment Water and food	Fact sheet · WHO Reference
Fascioliasis	Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica	Water and food Animal / zoonosis	Fact sheet · WHO Reference
Paragonimiasis	Paragonimus spp.	Water and food Animal / zoonosis	Fact sheet · WHO Reference

Documented agents and contexts — no estimate of individual risk

Sickness or syndrome

Agent indicated

Pathways and context

Deepening

Hepatitis A

Hepatitis A virus

Water and food
Close contact

Fact sheet · WHO Reference

Hepatitis E

Hepatitis E virus

Water and food
Animal / zoonosis