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Shigellosis is a digestive infection transmitted by fecooral contamination. A small amount of bacteria may be sufficient; close contact and some sexual practices may expose. Is the transmission exclusively food? No: hands, objects and contacts involving exposure to stools can also transmit Shigella, including during sexual activities. Shigella spp.
Sporotrichosis is a fungal infection usually introduced by skin injury. Contaminated plants or, in some areas, infected cats may be involved. Are only the pink thorns transmitting this infection? No: other plants and materials may be involved, as well as scratches or secretions of infected cats. The exposure context should be described without assigning any scratches to this disease. Sporothrix spp.
Strongyloidosis, or angullulose, is acquired by, inter alia, penetrating larvae from contaminated soil. The parasite can maintain infection in the body. Can an old stay count again before an immunosuppression? Yes: the parasite can reinfect itself in the organism. The history of exposure, even ancient, remains useful before care decreasing immunity. Strongyloides stercoralis
Hand, foot and mouth disease is a common viral infection in young children. Oral lesions can make the drink painful and promote dehydration. Is the main concern still the extent of the eruption? A limited rash may be accompanied by very painful oral lesions. The ability to drink and hydration count as much as the appearance of the skin. Enterovirus, including coxsackievirus
Syphilis is a treatable bacterial infection. It can go unnoticed and reach the foetus during pregnancy. Does the disappearance of the canker mean that the infection is cured? No. The evolution of the lesions may mask a persistent infection. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment are required. Treponema pallidum
Talaromycosis is an infection due to Talaromyces marneffei, formerly known as penicillinosis. It mainly concerns immunocompromised persons who have lived or travelled in certain parts of Asia. Do the bamboo rats transmit the disease directly to humans? The CDC indicated that there was no evidence to establish this transmission. Inhalation from the environment is considered as a route of acquisition; the disease is not transmitted between people. Talaromyces marneffei
Teniasis is an intestinal infection with an adult worm. Cysticercosis corresponds to larvae in tissues after ingestion of Taenia solium eggs. Does eating uncooked pork directly give a cysticercosis? Pork containing larvae transmits teniasis to T. solium. Cysticercosis comes from ingestion of its eggs: both situations and their treatments must be distinguished. Taenia solium
Toxoplasmosis is a parasitic infection that is often silent. Some situations of pregnancy or immunosuppression require special attention. Does toxoplasmosis always come from a cat? No. Undercooked meat, soil, water or contaminated plants can transmit the parasite. Prevention is not limited to contact with an animal. Toxoplasma gondii
Trachoma is an eye infection associated with Chlamydia trachomatis. Repeated episodes can heal the eyelid and permanently threaten vision. Are antibiotics correcting an eyelid that has already healed? Controlling infection and treating scars have different roles. The WHO strategy provides for trichiasis surgery when eyelashes rub; ophthalmological evaluation is required. Chlamydia trachomatis
This path distinguishes the transmission of a mother-to-child infection from the way the mother acquired it. It may occur during pregnancy, at birth or after depending on the agent. A maternal exposure does not prove an infection of the foetus.
Tuberculosis infection may remain active without disease. Communicable lung disease and latent infection are different. Does a positive infection test mean I'm contagious? No. Additional examinations are needed to search for active disease. Diagnosis and treatment are the responsibility of a medical team. Mycobacterium tuberculosis Tuberculose : infection latente et maladie active. Un test immunologique positif ne suffit pas à conclure à une tuberculose contagieuse. L’évaluation clinique distingue l’infection sans maladie de la maladie active et recherche une atteinte pulmonaire ou laryngée.
Tularemia is an infection due to Francisella tularensis. Ticks, sticking insects, infected animals, contaminated water or dust may constitute exposures. Does tularemia always cause an ulcer? No: CDCs describe an ulcer-free ganglion form and several other tables. The absence of a skin injury is not sufficient to rule out this infection. Francisella tularensis
Varicella is a highly contagious infection with varicella-zoa virus. It may be more severe in some groups. Can we pass on the chickenpox before the eruption? Yes, infectiousness may precede eruption. Waiting to see all the lesions is not enough to appreciate an exposure. Varicella zoster virus
A vector is an organism that can participate in the transmission of an agent. The presence of a mosquito or tick does not show that an agent is circulating or that an infection has been transmitted. This category links diseases to landmarks on the ground and travel.
The viral family brings together very different infections. Influenza and measles are associated with the respiratory tract; hepatitis B and HIV are associated with certain exposures to blood or sex; dengue is associated with a vector. The word "virus" therefore does not allow for a single protective measure.
This documentary entry combines infections whose transmission can be sexual. An infection may be silent; symptoms alone do not allow for choice or interpretation of screening. The relevant samples depend on the exposures and the sites concerned.
Yersiniosis is a digestive infection often associated with raw or insufficiently cooked pork. Events vary according to age. Is it necessary for the child to eat pork to be exposed? No: contamination of the hands after preparation of a raw product may be sufficient to contaminate the environment. Prevention also concerns adults who prepare meals. Yersinia enterocolitica
Naturally transmitted disease or infection between vertebrate and human animals. Tracks differ depending on the agent.
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