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COVID-19 is an infection with SARS-CoV-2. A mild form may resemble other respiratory infections. Does a positive PCR measure the infectiousness exactly? No. Detection of a genetic target may persist; its interpretation depends on time, symptoms and context. SARS-CoV-2
Cryptococcosis is a fungal infection acquired by inhalation of spores in the environment. She can touch the lungs and the brain. Are all those who breathe spores getting sick? No: most people at risk do not develop the disease. The immune field influences the risk; however, compatible symptoms in a vulnerable person should not be ignored. Cryptococcus spp.
Diphtheria is a bacterial infection whose toxin can cause serious damage. Incomplete vaccination leaves people exposed vulnerable. Has he had diphtheria dispensed with vaccination? No. WHO also recommends post-acute vaccination in people who have had the disease. The professional specifies the necessary doses according to history and local recommendations. Corynebacterium diphtheriae
The section links infections associated with ingestion of water or food and, for some, with the faeces. Water quality, conservation, preparation and contact occur at different stages. A recalled product is verified by its lot, not only by its brand.
Ehrlichiosis are bacterial infections transmitted mainly by ticks. They can produce febrile syndrome and sometimes severe illness. Should we wait for confirmation before any treatment? The CDC recommends that clinical suspicion should be started while waiting for examinations. This is the decision of the professional, according to the exhibition and the picture. Ehrlichia spp.
Tickencephalitis is a viral infection that can reach the nervous system. It is transmitted by ticks and sometimes by contaminated unpasteurized dairy products. Does the vaccine treat an infection already underway? No, vaccination is preventive. The ECDC indicates the absence of specific antiviral treatment; neurological forms require appropriate hospital care. Tick-borne encephalitis virus
Powassan virus is transmitted mainly by ticks. Infection is uncommon but may cause encephalitis or meningitis. Do antibiotics used for tick infections treat Powassan? No: Powassan is a virus. Antibiotics do not treat this infection, and a serious form requires hospital support care. Virus Powassan
East equine encephalitis is a viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes. It is rare but can cause serious neurological damage. Does the term "equine" reserve the disease to horses? No: This sheet concerns human infection. The CDC describes a transmission to humans by mosquitoes, without a preventive vaccine available to people. Eastern equine encephalitis virus
Japanese encephalitis is an infection transmitted by mosquitoes in some parts of Asia and the Western Pacific. Neurological forms require urgent care. Is there a curative antiviral medication? There is no specific curative antiviral described by WHO. Care supports vital functions; follow-up and rehabilitation may be necessary after a neurological form. Japanese encephalitis virus
The environment may constitute a reservoir or exposure context. A sample result describes a medium, a method, and a moment; it does not alone demonstrate an infection in a person. The records link the possible path to a real activity.
Contact with an agent by a relevant route: inhalation, ingestion, wound or mucous membrane, among others. She doesn't prove an infection.
Period when an infection may not yet be detectable by the chosen test. A recent negative has limits.
Rift Valley fever is a viral zoonosis. Exposure to blood or organs of infected animals and mosquito bites can transmit infection. Does a mild illness exclude subsequent eye complication? No: WHO describes visual disorders that may occur after the first symptoms. Any loss of vision should be reported even after general improvement. Phlebovirus of the Rift Valley
Lassa fever is a viral infection mainly related to food or objects contaminated with urine or rodents' dejections in West Africa. Is ribavirin a treatment with certain efficacy? WHO highlights uncertainties about its effectiveness and how it is used. Early support care remains important; no treatment should be undertaken on this sheet. Mammarenavirus of Lassa
Crimea-Congo haemorrhagic fever is a viral infection transmitted, inter alia, by ticks and by contact with infected blood or tissues. Is ribavirin a certain treatment of efficacy? WHO highlights uncertainties about its effectiveness and use. Early support care remains essential; a therapeutic decision is the responsibility of the specialized team. Crimea-Congo Orthonairovirus
Yellow fever is a viral infection transmitted by mosquitoes. Vaccination and protection against injections are the main means of prevention. Is a mosquito net enough at night? No: Responsible mosquitoes sting day by day. Protection during daytime activities is still necessary, even with equipped accommodation. Yellow fever virus
Oropouche fever is a viral infection transmitted mainly by prickling flies. Its symptoms may resemble those of dengue or chikungunya. Does an ordinary mosquito net necessarily stop the flies? No: these very small insects can cross ordinary meshes. WHO distinguishes fine mesh nets in protective means. Oropouche virus
Rocky Mountain spotted fever is a bacterial infection transmitted by ticks. Prompt treatment is essential to prevent severe illness. Does the absence of an early rash rule out the disease? No. A rash may appear only after several days of fever. Waiting for this sign before seeking medical advice can delay essential care. Rickettsia rickettsii
Typhoid fever is an infection due to Salmonella Typhi, transmitted mainly by water or contaminated food. It can get serious. Does the disappearance of the fever rule out any portage? No: people can still eliminate the bacteria after improvement. Wash your hands and avoid preparing other people's meals during the specified period; ask for the necessary checks. Salmonella Typhi
Lymphatic filariasis is transmitted by mosquitoes. Parasites can damage the lymphatic system long before visible swelling occurs. Is the treatment of infection sufficient to remove lymphedema? The control of the parasite and the care of chronic lesions are complementary. WHO insists on sustainable access to lymphedema care; old swelling may require continuous management. Wuchereria bandrofti and Brugia spp.
Gonorrhoea is a sexually transmitted infection that can affect the genitals, rectum or throat. Does a single sample exclude all locations? No. Explain the occupational exposure sites to select the relevant samples and follow-up. Neisseria gonorrhoeae
Zoonotic avian influenza is a human infection with an influenza virus of animal origin. Exposure to infected animals or their environment is important in the assessment. Does "highly pathogenic" indicate the severity in humans directly? This classification describes the effects of the virus in poultry. It does not directly measure the severity of a human infection, which depends on several factors. Avian influenza virus
A flu is not a simple cold: symptoms overlap with other respiratory infections. When to ask for a quick opinion? If breathing becomes difficult or if you belong to a group at risk, ask for advice quickly; do not wait for a test to confirm the flu. Influenza A and B viruses
Hepatitis A is an acute infection of the liver transmitted through the faeces. She's not getting chronic. Do hepatitis A and hepatitis B have the same transmission? No. Hepatitis A is mainly fecooral; hepatitis B involves blood, sexual contact and birth. Their vaccines are different. Hepatitis A virus
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